b'Superficial Burn (1st Degree)ChapterSuperficial burn involves damage to the top layer of skin (epidermis). EpidermisSuperficial burns may be caused by:Sunburn or flash fire.Friction.Contact with hot objects.Skin is red, dry, tender, stinging and sometimes swollen. It usually heals quickly without scarring.SunburnHow to ManageHave the patient positioned in a shady area.Cool the area with gentle streams of cool water for at least 10 minutes.If water is not available, Hydrogel products are a suitable alternative.Sponge with moist compresses.After cooling, an after sun preparation may help soothe affected skin.If large areas of the skin surface are involved, there may be other symptoms, especially inchildren, including a rise in temperature and vomiting. If blistering is severe, shock may develop and the patient may collapse.Seek medical advice for extensive blistering or if in doubt.BlistersBlisters are bubbles that form on the skin surface after being damaged by heat or friction. They are caused by fluid (plasma) leaking into the burned area below the skin surface. New skin eventually forms at the base of the blister in the healing process. The fluid is re-absorbed and the outer layer of dead skin will eventually peel away.Never break or prick a blister because you may introduce infection into the area. If the blister does burst or is damaged accidentally, cover the area with a large dry, non-adherent dressing and keep in place until the blister heals.A blister is an excellent natural burn dressing.118 Burns and Scalds'