b'Chapter hapterBruise (Contusion) A bruise occurs when the soft tissue layers beneath the skin are damaged causing internal bleeding. Discolouration and swelling results because underlying blood vessels have ruptured around the injury site.How to ManageApply a cold pack (crushed ice wrapped in a wet clothor pack of frozen vegies).Apply firm pressure to compress the cold pack to the affected area.If possible, raise and support the injured part in the most comfortable position.Refer R.I.C.E.R. Technique on page 110.Scalp and Head WoundsThe head is easily injured because it has little padding of muscle and fat unlike other areas of the body. There are many tiny blood vessels close to the skin surface on the scalp so any wound can result in severe bleeding. This may make the wound appear worse than it actually is.It is important however, to examine the wound and patient carefully because in some cases: The scalp wound may be the result of a more serious underlying injury, such as a skull fracture or concussion. The signs of serious head injury may be masked by other influences such as drug or alcohol intoxication.There may also be underlying injury to the neck and spine.How to Manage Cover the wound with a clean preferably sterile pad and apply direct firm pressure. Be careful because there may be an underlying skull fracture.Secure the pad with a roller or triangular bandage.Help the patient to lie down with the head and shoulders slightly raised and supported on apillow.Refer the patient to medical assistance.Rest and reassure.Closely monitor patient for response, airway, normal breathing while waiting for Ambulance. Bleeding 77'