b'ChapterSeizures Can Be Triggered By:A head injury. Lack of sleep and missing meals.Flickering lights, computer games. Poisoning, withdrawal from alcohol, overdose of drugs.High fever, sudden change in temperature, infection. Emotional stress, onset of cardiac arrest.Missing a dose of medication or by stopping regular medication intake altogether. Any disorder that severely impairs oxygen supply to the brain. Genetic factors.Conditions affecting the brain e.g. Alzheimers, Meningitis, stroke, brain tumour, low bloodsugar, low blood pressure.Avoiding triggers helps to reduce the risk of seizures in people with epilepsy.How to RecogniseFor a Tonic-Clonic seizure, the patient may feel and state that the seizure is coming on, or it may suddenly occur without warning.They may:suddenly let out a short high-pitched cry at the beginning.lose consciousness and collapse sometimes resulting in an injury, then lie rigid forabout 15 to 30 seconds (tonic phase). This is followed by violent muscle contractions (clonic phase) where uncontrolled generalised jerking and limb movements occur.have a congested face, neck and be frothing at the mouth.vomit.bite the tongue and lip causing injury and bleeding.lose control of their bladder and/or bowel.begin to breathe shallow or temporarily stop breathing causing the lips andcomplexion to look grey/blue (cyanosis).become confused, disorientated and sleepy when the seizure subsides.complain of a headache and soreness when the seizure has subsided.204 Medical Emergencies'