b'FaintingChapterFainting (syncope) is a lay term used to describe a condition of sudden, brief loss of consciousness with the potential for full recovery. It is caused by a temporary reduction of blood flow to the brain. Blood pools in the legs, reducing the amount of oxygenated blood reaching the brain.Emotional shock, exhaustion, pain, lack of food, unsightliness (blood) or prolonged standing in hot weather can trigger a fainting episode.A person who has fainted normally makes a quick and complete recovery as the change in their position from vertical to horizontal enables a greater flow of oxygenated blood to the brain.Fainting should not be confused with loss of consciousness from shock or any other cause.How to RecogniseThere may be prior warning signs of:Feeling of dizziness, light-headedness.Sweating, anxiety, nausea.Pale moist skin.Tingling and numbness in the fingers or toes.How to ManageCalm and reassure the patient.Encourage the patient to lie down flat.Loosen any tight or restrictive clothing and ensure plenty of fresh air.Raise the patients legs to help blood flow to the brain.If unconscious, place into the recovery position and closely monitor patient for response,airway, normal breathing while waiting for Ambulance. Assess the patient for any injuries that may have resulted from the fall, and consider the need to protect their neck.Any patient who is elderly or faints without warning or has a history of cardiac problems or has shortness of breath should be referred for medical assessment.Do not sit the patient on a chair with the head placed between the knees.176 Medical Emergencies'