b'Chapter hapterCrush InjuryCrush injuries can result from many different emergencies such as vehicle entrapment, falling debris, industrial accidents (eg being struck by a falling steel beam), or by prolonged pressure to a part of the body (eg due to being immobile and the patients own body weight is causing pressure).Crush syndrome refers to multiple complications that may subsequently develop, most commonly as a result of crush injuries to the limbs, particularly the legs. Crush syndrome results from disruption of the bodys chemistry and can result in kidney, heart and respiratory complications.The syndrome results from the production of harmful toxins from the damaged muscles and the subsequent release of these toxins into the blood stream following removal of the crushing force. The syndrome may lead to shock, breathing difficulties and sudden death following release of the crushing force.The likelihood of developing acute crush syndrome is directly related to the compression time therefore the patient should be released as quickly as possible irrespective of how long they have been trapped.As a general rule, Crush Syndrome Injury is based on 3 criteria:A major muscle mass is involved.Prolonged period of compression (as little as 1 hour, but typically 4 to 6).Compromised blood circulation to the affected area.Example - entrapment of a hand is unlikely to initiate or result in crush syndrome.How to RecogniseNumbness and tingling around the crush site.Often absence of pain at and around the affected site.Swelling, bruising, rigidity forming.Onset of shock, including pale, cold, sweaty skin and distress.Bleeding 83'