b'Chapter hapterCold Burn (Cryogenic)These are caused by contact with dry ice, freezing vapours such as liquid oxygen or nitrogen, frostbite or touching freezing metals.How to RecogniseAbnormal sensations such as pins and needles.Skin appears pale and waxy, is cold to touch,becomes numb and hard.Skin can become discoloured (yellow, mottled,flushed and eventually black). Upon recovery, the skin may turn red, hot, blistered and become extremely painful.How to ManageDo not apply direct heat or rub vigorously because the affected area is crystallised and likely to sustain further damage and even re-freeze.Be gentle and discreetly remove clothing and any restrictions. Warm the affected parts with the patients own body heat such as placing the affected hands under their armpits.Cover affected nose, ears and face with a towel or scarf to help gradual re-warming untilsensation and normal colour returns. You may use lukewarm water to help slowly warm the affected part.Gently apply soft clean preferably sterile dressings.Elevate the affected limb to help reduce pain and swelling.Call Ambulance 000.Reassure and cover the patient.Burns and Scalds 129'