b'ChapterHow to ManageHelp keep the patient warm with extra clothes, a warm woollen blanket or rug.Make sure the patients head is covered. Newspapers or a foil rescue blanket act as good insulation, if outdoors.Try to find a sheltered area, if outdoors.Protect the patient from the ground by placing in a dry sleeping bag if availableand add more insulation to help prevent wind chill exposure.Call Ambulance 000. Do not leave the patient alone if possible.Give warm drinks only if fully conscious.Do not give alcohol because this lowers the bodys ability to retain heat.Do not massage or rub the patient. Do not place the patient into a warm bath as lethal cardiac arrhythmias could occur (leading to sudden cardiac arrest).Keep the patient as still as possible as they risk a possible heart attack. Anymuscular activity will pump cold blood from the arms and legs into the central circulation and cause their core temperature to drop even further.Replace wet clothing with warm dry clothes, when bought indoors.Do not re-warm the patient with direct radiant heat such as an open fire becausethis may send cold blood from the body surface to the heart and brain too suddenly. The same complications will occur if you re-warm the patient too quickly.If the patient is cold and no longer shivering, their body temperature may be below 32C. Activere-warming should be started especially if medical aid is delayed. This can be attempted by applying heat packs or warm hot-water bottles to groins, armpits and side of the neck as well as by direct first aider to patient body contact.If the patient is a child, elderly or you are unsure and concerned about their condition, seek medical assistance.If the condition worsens or the patient becomes unconscious:Place into the recovery position and closely monitor patient for response, airway, normalbreathing while waiting for Ambulance. 138 Heat and Cold Emergency'